KONTEKS HISTORIS PRAKTEK HUMAS DI INDONESIA

I Gusti Ngurah Putra

Abstract


As a part of management function public relations has been practiced in Indonesia since the Independence day. The development of public relations practice in Indonesia is influenced, among other things, by political system, government policies and economic development. As Indonesian political system is becoming more democratic, organizations are required to apply the symmetrical public relations models as suggested by Grunig.

 


Keywords


public relation practice, politic reformation, public relation model

References


Buku, Makalah dan Jurnal: Baskin, O., Aronoff, C. & Lattimore, D., 1997, Public Relations: the Profession and the Practice. Edisi keempat. Madison, W. I: Brown & Benchmark.

Chen, Ni, 1992, Public Relations in China: the Introduction and Development of an Occupational Field. Disertasi PhD tidak diterbitkan, Ohio University, Columbus.

Chen, Ni, dan Culberston, Hugh, 1992, ‘Two Contrasting Approach of Government Public Relations in Mainland China.’ Public Relations Quarterly, Fall, hal. 36-41.

Childers, L., 1989, ‘Credibilty of Public Relations at the NRC.’ Dalam J. E. Grunig & L. A. Grunig (eds). Public Relations Re- search Annual, Vol. 1. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Cutlip, Scott M., Center, Allen H. dan Broom, Glen M., 1994, Effective Public Rela- tions. Englewood Cliff, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Cutlip, Scott M., Center, Allen H. dan Broom, Glen M., 2000, Effective Public Rela- tions. Englewood Cliff, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Dahlan, M. A., 1978, ‘The State of Public Rela- tions in Indonesia.’ Warta Perhumas, Mei, (7-8).

Dahlan, M. A., 1994, ‘Profesi Humas Pemerintah Menghadapi Globalisasi.’ Makalah disampaikan pada Konvensi Nasional Humas Surabaya, 24-26 September.

Depari. E., 1994, ‘Public Relations dalam Dunia Usaha, Prospek, Peluang dan Tantangannya.’ Makalah pada Seminar Public Relations dalam Memengangkan Pertarungan di Dunia Usaha, Jakarta.

Djiwandono, J. S., 1995, ‘Indonesia in 1994.’ Asian Survey, Vol. 35 (2), 227-233.

Dozier, D. M., 1992, ‘The Organizational Roles of Communications and Public Relations Practitioners. Dalam J. E. Grunig (penyunting), Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Manage- ment. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Effendy, O. U., 1986, Human Relations dan Public Relations dalam Management. Bandung:Alumni.

Fatah, R. E. S., 1994, ‘Unjuk Rasa, Gerakan Massa dan Demokratisasi: Potret Pergeseran Politik Orde Baru.’ Prisma, No 4, 3-21.

Garnett, James L., 1992, Communicating for Result in Government: A Strategic Ap for Public Managers. San Fran- cisco: Jossey-Bass.

Grunig, J. E., 1992, ‘Communication, Public Re- lations and Effective Organizations: An Overview of the Book.’ Dalam J. E. Grunig (penyunting), Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Management. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Grunig, James E. dan Hunt, Todd, 1984, Managing Public Relations. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

Grunig, James E. & Grunig, Larissa A., 1992, ‘Model of Public Relations and Commu- nication.’ Dalam James E. Grunig (penyunting). Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Management. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Grunig, Larissa A., 1992, ‘Power in the Public Relations Department.’ Dalam James E. Grunig (penyunting). Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Management. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum

Habir, A. D., 1991, ‘The Development of Business Education in Indonesia.’ Dalam Hal Hill (ed). Indonesia Assessment 1991. Canberra: Research School of Pasific Studies, ANU.

Hadiz, V., 1994, ‘Challenging State Corporatism on the Labour Front: Working Class Politics in the 1990s.’ Dalam D. Bouchier dan J. Legge (eds.). Democracy in Indonesia 1950s and 1990s. Clayton, Victoria: Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, Monash University.

Harmoko, 1994, ‘Sambutan Menteri Penerangan RI pada Pembukaan Konvensi Nasional Humas 1994.’ Surabaya.

Hartono, S., 1966, Public Relations: Teori dan Praktek. Jakarta: Balai Buku Ichtiar.

Hein, G. H., 1990, ‘Indonesia in 1989: a Question of Opennes.’ Asian Survey, Vol. 30(2), 221-230.

Hodge, B. J. & Anthony, W. P., 1988, Organization Theory. Edisi ketiga. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

Khasali, R., 1994, Manajemen Public Rela- tions. Jakarta: PT Grafiti Press.

MacIntyre, 1991, Business and Politics in Indonesia. Sydney: Allen & Unwin. Manning, C., 1993, ‘Structural Change and Industrial Relations During the Suharto Period: an Approaching Crisis?’ Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, Vol. 29 (2), 59-95.

McKendrick, D., 1992, ‘Indonesia in 1991: Growth, Previlege and Rules.’ Asian Survey, Vol. 32(2), 102-110.

Muntahar, R. S., 1985, Hubungan Masyarakat: Fungsi dan Peranannya dalam Manajemen. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset.

Putra, I G. N., 1996, Public Relations Practice in Indonesia: A Case Study of a Commercial Television Station and a State University. Thesis MA tidak diterbitkan, University of Canberra, Australia.

Putra, I G. N., 1999, Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pengembangan Profesionalisme Praktisi Humas di Indonesia. Laporan Penelitian, UGM, Yogyakarta.

Quarles, J. dan Rowlings, B., 1993, Practising Public Relations. Melbourne: Longman Chesire.

Rachmadi. F., 1994, Public Relations dalam Teori dan Praktek. Jakarta: Gramedia.

Robison, R., 1986, Indonesia: the Rise of the Capital. Sydney: Allen & Unwin. Robison, R., 1990, Power and Economy in Suharto’s Indonesia. Manila: Journal of Contemporary Asia Publisher.

Robisom, R., 1992, ‘Indonesia: an Aotonomous Domain of Social Power.’ The Pacific Review, Vol. 5(4), 338-349.

Seib, P. & Fitzpatrick, K., 1995, Public Relations Ethics. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College.

Siregar, A., 1991, ‘Bukan Sekadar Resepsionis.’ Cakram, Juli, 48-49.

Soesastro, H. M., 1989, ‘The Political Economy of Deregulation in Indonesia.’ Asian Survey, Vol. 29 (9), 853-869.

Sriramesh, K., 1992, ‘Societal Culture and Public Relations: Ethnographic Evidence from India,’ Public Relations Review, Vol. 18(2), hal. 201-211.

Turk. Judy VanSly, 1985, ‘Public Relations in State Government: a Typology of Management Style.’ Journalism Quarterly, Vol. 62, hal. 304-315.

VanLeuven, J. K., 1994, ‘Public Relations in South East Asia: From Nation-Building Campaign to regional Interdependence.’ Makalah disajikan pada Konferensi Internasional ICA (International Com- munication Association), Sydney, 14 Juli 1994.

Surat kabar dan Majalah:

Cakram, Oktober 1991 (hal. 14-17), Februari 1993 (hal. 8-15), Mei 1994 (hal. 18-19), Oktober 1994 (hal. 20-23), Juni 1995 (hal. 10-15).

Manajemen, Januari-Februari 1993 (hal. 41). Prisma, No 4, tahun 1994 (hal. 48-73).

Tempo, 28 Juli 1990 (hal. 23).

Warta Ekonomi, 10 September 1990 (hal. 22-26 dan hal 29-30); 26 September 1994 (hal. 27-28).




DOI: https://doi.org/10.31315/jik.v6i3.58

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c)



 Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi indexed by:

   

Copyright of Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi ISSN 1693-3028 (print), ISSN 2407-8220 (online)

Alamat:

Kampus II UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta, Jl. Babarsari 2, Tambakbayan, Yogyakarta 55281
Phone: (0274)485268

Fax: (0274)487147

Email: [email protected] 

Web Analytics View My Stats